Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Iranian Women Towards Breast Cancer Screening Methods

Female breast cancer is the second leading cause of death due to cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women after lung cancer. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of women about breast cancer\u27s screening methods in order to offer more appropriate training programs if necessary. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a population comprised of women who had referred to public health centers in Sanandaj in 2008. The results of this study do provide some understanding on the topic and suggest that although the majority of Iranian women seem to be quite knowledgeable about breast cancer and screening methods. They need more education on breast cancer, SBE and other methods of early detection. We recommend the establishment of an institutional framework and policy guidelines that will enhance adequate and urgent information dissemination about breast cancer and screening methods to all women in Iran. Since women\u27s beliefs and behaviors may impact young women, designing training courses for this group seems to be essential

Central Obesity and BMI Associated with Different Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescent

Adipose tissue distribution is effective in metabolic complications resulting from obesity. Fat accumulation in the body, particularly increase in visceral fat, is a major risk factor of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and android obesity based on various phenotypes of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) in 14-18 year old high-school girl students in Shiraz in 2009. This descriptive study was conducted on 14-18 year old high-school girl students in Shiraz in 2009. Considering the confidence coefficient of 95% and loss rate of 20%, a 3190subject sample size was determined for the study. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. After obtaining written informed consents, demographic information questionnaire was completed and the participants were examined regarding hirsutism, acne, alopecia, and menstrual disorders. Besides, the criteria proposed by Adams et al. were employed to diagnose PCOS in sonography. Android obesity and Body Mass Index (BMI) were evaluated, as well. The results of independent t-test showed no significant difference among various phenotypes of PCOS regarding mean android obesity and BMI (P>0.05). The results of the present study revealed no significant relationship between girl adolescents\u27 obesity and various phenotypes of PCOS. However, adolescents should be informed about the long-term hyperandrogenic outcomes which are accompanied by insulin secretion and endanger their health after the age of 40 years

Analisis Strategi Promosi Kesehatan di Puskesmas Bambalamotu dalam Pembinaan Masyarakat Suku Daa di Desa Kasoloang Kab.mamuju Utara

The This research is qualitative one that aimed to analyse strategy of health promotion through advocacy held by Center of The Society Health Bambalamotu in social construction of Tribe Daa in Wulai, North Mamuju. The selected informan was field worker of Center of The Society Health, leader of Center of The Society Health, cadre of countryside and society health by getting information through in depth interview, observation and FGD. The result of research showed that, for advocacy with Center of The Society Health through Inwrought Service Post, Circling Countryside Post, Ministrant of Centre of Health Society. Social support that was preparation to become cadre of health and society enablement was done by cadre of Inwrought Service Post in the form of counseling from government or social enablement institute and missioner (church). Suggested to the society ministrant in Clean and Healthy Life Style and other partnership, Social Enablement Institute and other society.Key Word : Health Promotion, Social Education, Tribe Da

A Non-invasive Technique to Detect Authentic/Counterfeit SRAM Chips

Many commercially available memory chips are fabricated worldwide in untrusted facilities. Therefore, a counterfeit memory chip can easily enter into the supply chain in different formats. Deploying these counterfeit memory chips into an electronic system can severely affect security and reliability domains because of their sub-standard quality, poor performance, and shorter lifespan. Therefore, a proper solution is required to identify counterfeit memory chips before deploying them in mission-, safety-, and security-critical systems. However, a single solution to prevent counterfeiting is challenging due to the diversity of counterfeit types, sources, and refinement techniques. Besides, the chips can pass initial testing and still fail while being used in the system. Furthermore, existing solutions focus on detecting a single counterfeit type (e.g., detecting recycled memory chips). This work proposes a framework that detects major counterfeit static random-access memory (SRAM) types by attesting/identifying the origin of the manufacturer. The proposed technique generates a single signature for a manufacturer and does not require any exhaustive registration/authentication process. We validate our proposed technique using 345 SRAM chips produced by major manufacturers. The silicon results show that the test scores ($F_{1}$ score) of our proposed technique of identifying memory manufacturer and part-number are 93% and 71%, respectively.Comment: This manuscript has been submitted for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessibl

Influence of conformational fluctuations on enzymatic activity: modelling the functional motion of beta-secretase

Considerable insight into the functional activity of proteins and enzymes can be obtained by studying the low-energy conformational distortions that the biopolymer can sustain. We carry out the characterization of these large scale structural changes for a protein of considerable pharmaceutical interest, the human $\beta$-secretase. Starting from the crystallographic structure of the protein, we use the recently introduced beta-Gaussian model to identify, with negligible computational expenditure, the most significant distortion occurring in thermal equilibrium and the associated time scales. The application of this strategy allows to gain considerable insight into the putative functional movements and, furthermore, helps to identify a handful of key regions in the protein which have an important mechanical influence on the enzymatic activity despite being spatially distant from the active site. The results obtained within the Gaussian model are validated through an extensive comparison against an all-atom Molecular Dynamics simulation.Comment: To be published in a special issue of J. Phys.: Cond. Mat. (Bedlewo Workshop

The Correlation Between Level of C-Reactive Protein and Radiographic Grading of Knee Osteoarthritis

Introductions. Several studies have shown that the acute phase response may take place in osteoarthritis, suggesting that low grade systemic inflammation may be present in patients with osteoarthritis. Materials and methods. This study was aimed to measure the c-reactive protein level of knee osteoarthritis, to determine radiographic grading of knee osteoarthritis according to Kellgren-Lawrence grading, and to determine correlation between level of c-reactive protein and radiographic grading of knee osteoarthritis. This study used observational cross sectional design. Samples were 65 postmenopausal women with clinical knee osteoarthritis, aged 50 to 70 years old. Clinical and radiologic diagnoses of knee osteoarthritis were determined by clinical and radiographic examination with AP weight bearing position. Grade <3, grade 3 and grade 4 were radiographic grading of knee osteoarthritis according to Kellgren-Lawrence classification. Results. From 65 samples, 28 (43%) samples had grade < 3 with level of c-reactive protein 0.2-1.0 mg/dl (0.54±0.23 mg/dl), 22 (34%) samples had grade 3 with level of c-reactive protein 0.3-1.4 mg/dl (0.70±0.33 mg/dl) and 15 (23%) samples had grade 4 with level of c-reactive protein 0.3 -1.3 mg/dl (0.80±0.26 mg/dl). The cumulative of level of c-reactive protein was 0.2-1.4 mg/dl (0.65±0.29 mg/dl). There is correlation between level of c-reactive protein and radiographic grading of knee osteoarthritis (p=0.04), with Spearman rho correlation of 0.349 and α=5%. The level of c-reactive protein in grade <3, grade 3 and grade 4 overlaps, so the level of c-reactive protein could not be used to determine radiographic grading of knee osteoarthritis. Conclusions. There is no correlation between level of c-reactive protein and radiographic grading of knee osteoarthritis, there is a tendency that the level of c-reactive protein is higher in high grade knee osteoarthritis

Towards the Avoidance of Counterfeit Memory: Identifying the DRAM Origin

Due to the globalization in the semiconductor supply chain, counterfeit dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) chips/modules have been spreading worldwide at an alarming rate. Deploying counterfeit DRAM modules into an electronic system can have severe consequences on security and reliability domains because of their sub-standard quality, poor performance, and shorter life span. Besides, studies suggest that a counterfeit DRAM can be more vulnerable to sophisticated attacks. However, detecting counterfeit DRAMs is very challenging because of their nature and ability to pass the initial testing. In this paper, we propose a technique to identify the DRAM origin (i.e., the origin of the manufacturer and the specification of individual DRAM) to detect and prevent counterfeit DRAM modules. A silicon evaluation shows that the proposed method reliably identifies off-the-shelf DRAM modules from three major manufacturers

Chromogenic in situ hybridisation test for breast cancer patients with equivocal IHC results - A study from Iran

Background: HER2/neu overexpression on cell membranes of breast cancer cells is due to HER2/neu gene amplification and it is important to identify potential candidates for anti HER2 therapy with trastuzumab. IHC, FISH and CISH are standard FDA approved assays currently used to determine HER2 status in routine practice. The aim of this study was to determine HER2 gene amplification, using the CISH method in breast carcinoma samples which had IHC +2 reactions. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from 2008-2010 using 334 consecutive breast carcinoma samples referred from local laboratories to Mehr Hospital. CISH assays were performed for all cases, and IHC tests were also done for determining efficacy and accuracy of local labs. HER2 status in local IHC tests was compared with central IHC and CISH results. Results: Of 334 breast cancer patients, 16 were negative for HER2 IHC (0, +1), 201 cases were equivocal (+2), and 31 positive (+3). Of 334 referral cases, 88 were CISH positive (26.3) and 246 were CISH negative (73.7). Of 201 IHC +2 cases, HER2 gene amplification was observed in 42 cases (kappa: 0.42). A 29.9 concordance was found between local IHC and central IHC. Sensitivity and specificity of local IHC were 90 and 53.8, respectively. Conclusions: Low accuracy of IHC results in local labs was associated with the following factors: using former FDA-approved criteria for HER2 interpretation, utilizing non-validated kits, and lack of any quality assurance program. Therefore, following the new 2014 ASCO/CAP guideline and comprehensive quality assurance should be implemented to ensure accuracy of HER2 testing